The digital marketing landscape & the funnel

~25 min

What you'll learn this week

  1. Map the digital marketing landscape — owned, earned, and paid media — and know what each channel does best.
  2. Explain the marketing funnel (awareness → consideration → conversion → retention) and place any campaign on it.
  3. Build buyer personas from real research instead of guesses.
  4. Write a value proposition and audit three competitors' digital presence.
  5. Set SMART goals with KPIs that actually matter on a small budget.
  6. Produce a one-page marketing strategy for a real brand you'll carry through the whole course.

Three kinds of media, one job

Every digital channel you will ever touch falls into one of three buckets:

  • Owned media — assets you control: your website, blog, email list, WhatsApp broadcast list. Nobody can take these from you when an algorithm changes.
  • Earned media — attention other people give you for free: reviews, shares, press mentions, a customer posting your suya wrap on their story.
  • Paid media — attention you rent: Instagram ads, Google ads, influencer placements.

A healthy strategy uses paid to accelerate, earned to validate, and owned to keep what you've built. A Lagos bakery that runs ads to a page nobody owns (say, only a marketplace listing) is renting its whole business.

The funnel: where is your customer right now?

Customers move through four stages, and the message that works at one stage fails at another:

  • Awareness — they don't know you exist. Job: get seen. Channels: social content, SEO, ads.
  • Consideration — they know you, they're comparing. Job: build trust. Channels: reviews, email nurture, comparison content.
  • Conversion — they're ready to buy. Job: remove friction. Channels: landing pages, retargeting ads, WhatsApp checkout.
  • Retention — they've bought once. Job: bring them back. Channels: email, loyalty offers, community.

Most small businesses only shout conversion messages ("Buy now! 20% off!") at people still in awareness. That is why their ads feel like noise.

What each channel does best

  • SEO — captures people already searching for what you sell. Slow to build, compounds forever.
  • Social media — builds awareness and personality. Fast feedback, but rented land.
  • Paid ads — buys speed and precision targeting. Costs money the moment you stop.
  • Email — converts and retains. Highest ROI channel in most studies, because you own the list.

Try it now

Pick any brand you follow — Nigerian or global. Find one piece of their marketing and answer: is it owned, earned, or paid? Which funnel stage is it aimed at? Write two sentences. Also: start your swipe file today — a folder or note where you save 3 great ads, emails, or posts every week with one line on why each works. You'll use it all course.

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